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Getting it perfectly – Wrong !

G

I managed to achieve perfect timing this time. It managed to sell exactly before the fundamental performance of VST and India nippon turned around. I wrote the following post on the two companies and my key reason for exiting the two stocks was stagnation of their fundamental performance for the last 2-3 years.

VST reported a 126% increase in their net profit, driven by a 100% increase in topline. This increase is not really a one time increase as the other companies in the industry like Godfrey Philips have reported similar results driven by the topline growth. I have yet to investigate the sudden turnaround in the industry and whether it is sustainable.

Indian nippon reported a 100% growth in profits, driven by a 20% increase in topline. The reason for the profit growth in excess of the topline is due to the operating leverage enjoyed by the company. I need to analyze how sustainable is the performance for India nippon.

My confidence levels in terms of fundamental performance is still higher for VST than India nippon (irrespective of the stock price). The reason is that VST sells a consumer product with pricing strength, whereas India nippon is an auto component supplier which could be benefitting from the upturn in the auto business. The company however, does not enjoy as much pricing power and hence may not derive as much benefit from the upturn in business.

So where did I goof up?
The first thing i do when something turns out different from my expectations is to analyze if I could have analyzed it differently. My reason for the exit was stagnant fundamental performance (irrespective of the stock price).

At the time of the sale, after I had analyzed the two companies, I could not foresee a turnaround in the business. In case of VST an economic downturn will not hurt the businesses and hence when the economy turned, I did not expect the business to turn as much.

In case of India nippon, It can be argued that the auto industry is turning around and hence it just a matter of time that the auto component industry would benefit too. However, it was difficult to reach such a conclusion in case of India nippon as the company has performed poorly in the last 3 years when the auto industry was still doing well.

The other drawback with these companies is the lack of transparency on the part of the management. The Annual reports are very brief or cryptic and there are no management calls which an investor like me can read to get an idea of the likely direction of the business. A professional investor having access to the management would be able to avoid this problem.

The final point is how long should one hold onto a stock before the fundamental performance turns around. I typically hold a stock for 2-3 years and even longer if the fundamental performance is satisfactory. However if the fundamental performance is deteorating, I tend to exit the stock. As someone has said – Hope is not an investment strategy.

Indentifying turnaround in business performance is difficult for me and I tend to get the exact timing more wrong than right. Ofcourse this is not new for me – I have sold L&T in 2003 after holding it for 5 years, right before the company took off

It does not disturb me
The above occurrence does not disturb me. It does not mean that I am proud of missing such turnaround and will not analyze my thought process further to see how I can improve on it in the future.

I have said in the past that if I can get a 70% success rate in my picks, I will do fairly well. What is the logic of this number ..did I pull it out of my hat?. There is a logic to it. I typically invest in a stock with a 2:1 to 3:1 odds. What that means is that if the stock is priced at 100 / share, then the possible upside is between 70-80 and the possible loss is between 20-30. The expected gain (gain * probability of gain + loss* probability of loss) is around 35-40 ( .7*70+.3*30) or 30-40% which provides me a margin of safety too.

My actual success rate has been around 70-80% in the past with the gain/ loss ratio around the same level. As a result, I have been able to meet my return targets in the past. In addition, an additional lever in managing the performance is managing the allocation percentage to a specific idea. One should allocate a higher percentage to the ideas where one has higher confidence.

Follow me – in reverse
Considering my almost perfect record in selling (around 0%), I think it would make sense to hold or buy when I decide to sell :).

When I suggest, that you should do your own research and not buy based on my recommendation, I am dead serious about it. A 70% success rate has worked out well for me. The impact of the 30% failure has been further reduced as i have not allocated too much of my funds to those ideas as I did not have as much confidence in them. If you decide to have a higher allocation than me, your results could be worse.

An additional point: I tend to change my mind suddenly, if the current facts invalidate my expectations. So I may end up buying something which I recently sold or sell something which I bought and realized that my thesis is wrong.

Analysis – PG (US) II

A

Correction : I posted analysis of JNJ from an old file instead of P&G. correcting it now.

I started the analysis of P&G (US) in my previous post. The balance of the analysis follows

Competitive analysis
The company faces a host of competitors ranging from local to store brands to companies like unilever. Most of the local and store brands compete on price.

P&G has rightfully realized the need for innovating in all the categories to stay ahead of the competition and thus maintain a price premium. In addition the company has a wide portfolio of brands and an extensive marketing and distribution infrastructure. These competitive strengths allows the company to fight price based competition.

The company has been investing almost 10% in marketing and sales and 3% in R&D. These investments are key to maintaining the competitive edge of the company.

Management quality checklist
– Management compensation: The chairman received a total compensation and bonus of around 57 Mn usd, which does not appear excessive. The company has an options program which would result in a rough dilution of around 10% or less.
– Capital allocation record: The management has a very good capital allocation record. They have maintained an ROE in excess of 20% for the 7-8 yrs. In addition the company has maintained a dividend payout in excess of 40%. The excess cash has been utilized to fund acquisitions and buyback stock. I would give the management high grade on capital allocation.
– Shareholder communication: The company has communicated its strategy and focus on innovation. In addition the company has is also transparent in communicating the long term goals such as organic growth, free cash flow target etc and the achievement against the goals. The company has also discussed in detail the performance of each division with clear details of the organic volume growth to enable the investor to understand the source of the topline growth. The company has been consistent in communicating good as well as bad performance.
– Accounting practice: appears conservative and I could not find any red flags. The company seems to have made conservative pension assumptions, has minimal derivative exposures and other off balance sheet liabilities. My only concern is the benefit assumptions. Although the actual returns are negative, the company is using positive expected returns on assets (allowed by GAAP). If the returns do not turn positive, we could see higher pension expense in the future.

Valuation
The company has a free cash flow which is almost equal to net profits. The company has an ROE in excess of 20% and an average growth in excess of 8%. If we assume a CAP period of around 10 years, a net profit growth of 8%, the intrinsic value comes to around 72-75 usd per share. If one reverse engineers the current price, the implied growth seems to be around 2-3% for the next 10 years.
The company thus appears to be undervalued by around 20-25% at current prices.

Conclusion
The company has been able to show a low single digit growth inspite of the global recession. The topline however has shown a low single digit drop. The company is in the process of disposing non core businesses such as coffee and the medical division. This should provide the company extra capital to invest in the core business, retire debt or continue with the buyback program.
The company has maintained its focus on innovation and new products and has been investing heavily in brand building and R&D, even through the recession. This should help the company when growth returns. The company has enormous competitive advantages in the form of strong brands, deep distribution network and a innovation oriented culture. Although the company is not undervalued by a wide margin, it should give moderate returns in excess of the index returns over the next few years. In summary it is moderate return, low risk opportunity.

I have created a pdf version of the analysis. Please feel free to download and share with others.

Analysis : P&G US

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About
Procter & Gamble is an 79 billion dollar consumer goods company with well known brands such as pampers, gillette, charmin, bounty, tide, pantene etc. The company has operations across 180 countries across the world and operates in the beauty products, health and household care segment.

Financials
PG has consistently maintained an ROE in excess of 25% with a moderate leverage of around 0.5. The drop in the ROE since 2006 is more due to the accounting related to the Gillette accquisition than a drop in the profitability levels.
The company has become a more efficient user of capital by increasing its Fixed asset turns by 25% in the last 6-7 years and by turning Working capital negative during the same period. It has utilised the excess cash to reduce the debt ratios, maintain the dividend levels and buy back stock.
The company has been able to improve its Net margins from around 9% to almost 14% in the last 10 years. It has done this while maintaining an ad expense of around 10% of sales and almost 2.7% expense in R&D
The company has doubled its sales and tripled its profits in the last 10 years too.

Positives
The company under the leadership of A G Lafley has been performing fairly well. The company has increased its focus on innovation in various aspects of the business such as new product, packaging, cost management etc. This focus goes beyond the customary lip service and can be seen via the new product launches and continued volume growth in mature categories. The company continues to invest almost 10% of sales in advertising and upto 3% of sales in R&D which is the highest in the industry.

The company has a successful history of developing and maintaining strong brands. In addition the company also has an enviable marketing and distribution infrastructure which cannot be replicated easily.

The company has been able to grow the topline in high single digits for the last few years with volume growth in most of the categories in the 3-6% range. The value growth in the various categories has been in low double digits range due to the above volume growth in combination with price increases and favourable foreign exchange changes. The company is also growing in low double digits in most categories in the developing markets such as India, China and middle east.

The various financial parameters such as ROE (in excess of 20%) and net profit growth (in double digits for the last few years) have been extremely good. The company has also been able to successfully accquire and integrate gillette and thus gain cost synergy and increased leverage in the market.

Finally the company has been able to generate free cash flows in excess of net profits which it has been using to reduce debt and buyback stock.

Risks
The company is undergoing a transition at the top with Robert Mcdonald as the new CEO. Although the company is unlikely to suddenly change direction and focus, the change is occuring at a time when the volume growth has slowed down due to the recession

The company has recorded negative sales growth in the current year. Although the volume degrowth is not alarming considering the global recession, drops in market shares in categories such as feminine care, male dry shaving, batteries, fabric care and drops in the braun appliance range is a cause of worry and needs to watched closely in the future.

The company operates in a very competitive industry where the low priced local competitiors and store brands are competing in most of the categories of the company. As a result the company faces intense competiton in most of its product categories.

Next post : Competitive analysis, Management quality checklist, Valuation and conclusion.

So why no new ideas?

S

I recently got asked – whats up rohit ? why no new ideas on the blog ? on a vacation ?

Short reply – not on vacation and still searching.

During the Oct – April 2009 period it was easy. One could throw darts and pick stock which were cheap. Ofcourse, what was needed was courage at that point. A lot of people wanted to wait till the fog of uncertainity cleared up. Well, the fog supposedly has cleared up and the valuations reflect that and more. We have moved from a 10 ft visibility in March 2009 to 100 Km visibility in a short span of 6 months !! amazing change in sentiment.

Not much value
I have been looking for new ideas, but most are not attractive enough or are fairly valued. I personally don’t do top down, sector based or any other mumbo jumbo type investing. I have a brute force method of looking for stocks – run various filters based on PE, debt equity and other factors manually on a list of stock. This would give me a list 5-10 stocks which I analyse in further details (read annual report) and come up with 2-3 stocks. In the end I may pull the trigger on 1-2 stocks. So it is all sweat and labor. For more details see here.

I am able to find 2-3 ideas a year and that works for me. I am quite amazed at some people who are able to post an idea a week.

In a minority
I have been talking to some friends and most are now planning to get into the market. Most of them feel left out and want to enter now and ride the upswing as much as they can.

I may be wrong here and we may at the cusp of major bull market where the index will go from 16K to 25K in the next 6 months, but this is a game I have not yet learnt. I would prefer to do nothing if I cannot find something smart to do.

In a nutshell, I am not finding too much value out there. Ofcourse my opinion is in the minority, where you have others recommending stock such as maruti suzuki when I am exiting this position.

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