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Companies/ industry with falling pricing

C

There are industries with stable pricing power like FMCG companies (to a certain extent), cylical pricing power like cement, steel and other commodity companies which depends on the demand and supply conditions and then there are companies which have a business model where the price is always dropping. A few industries, which come to mind are the computer industry (Dell, HP etc), semiconductor industry, memory (moser baer) and even electronics.

These industries are not even like airlines where there is a certain cyclicality of pricing. In the above industries, there is a relentless race to the bottom. Its almost a given. A PC now is around half the price of a PC in 2000 (maybe lesser), but it is 5 times or more powerful. So you have a scenario where the product keeps getting better and the price keeps falling.

So even when the revenue is increasing, the margins and profits may be shrinking. So what does it mean for an investor?

  1. To be competitive all participants in the industry must constantly spend huge sums on new technologoies, equipments and other cost reduction options. So effectively the earnings are overstated for these companies, as depreciation is way to lower than the obsolence in the industry.
  2. Due to poor pricing power, any drop in the demand has a severe impact in margins (see samsung results here). Companies like Intel which have a monopoly in the processor business have also taken huge hits when the demand has dropped.
  3. Sudden shifts in technology can destory the exisiting product lines and put the company at risk. Even small shifts can hurt these companies badly (nokia got hurt and lost market share when the preference moved to clamshell phones in 2004/2005.)


In the end I would value these companies at low multiples if I can forsee the future of the company and figure out that the company would do well for quite some time.

As an example, look at Moser baer. This company has grown a lot, but at the same time operates in a falling price environment and needs constant investment into capital equipment. As result the company has had to add capital to the business. I am not sure if this business would really have any free cash flow.

A good idea carried too far

A

1991-1992: Harshad mehta boom
Story: Liberalisation

1994 – IPO boom

1999-2000: IT stock boom

2003 – ? : The india story .

‘India will grow at above average rates ( > 6 %) for the next few years and more. India has the requisite demographics, savings rate and the right condition for growth’

The underlying idea behind each boom was true and maybe sound. But typically the idea got carried too far. I am reminded of this quote from benjamin graham (paraphrased)

‘ It is not the bad idea which does you in, it is the good idea carried too far’

So you have a boom in the stock market, the commodities market, gold market, real estate market. Read somewhere that property in mumbai is more expensive than manhattan !!

Maybe it is ‘different’ this time …who knows ?

I am reminded of the following statement from warren buffett

The line separating investment and speculation, which is never bright and clear, becomes blurred still further when most market participants have recently enjoyed triumphs. Nothing sedates rationality like large dosesof effortless money. After a heady experience of that kind, normally sensible people drift into behavior akin to that of Cinderella at the ball. They know that overstaying the festivities – that is, continuing to speculate in companies that have gigantic valuations relative to the cash they are likely to generate in the future will eventually bring on pumpkins and mice. But they nevertheless hate to miss a single minute of what is one helluva party. Therefore, the giddy participants all plan to leave just seconds before midnight. There’s a problem, though: They are dancing in a room in which the clocks have no hands.

— warren buffett , letter to shareholders 2000

So maybe there are people who are smart to know when the market will turn. I don’t think I can do that. Better to hold back or if the froth in the market increases, start selling.

another indicator of the bull market – in any party or evening out with friends and family, i keep hearing of the fantastic real estate, IPO or stock tips which should not be missed. prefer to keep my mouth shut in such groups. Who wants to listen to a party pooper ! surprising bit is that no one talked about stocks in 2002-2003 .

Follow up on the Infomedia ltd arbitrage

F

I had a look at the AR of infomedia to figure out what could be the downside risk to the arbitrage opportunity I discussed in my previous post


Following are my observations/ conclusion from what I read in the AR

  • Infomedia is a fairly profitable company with a networth of 155 cr and a cash and equivalents of 126 cr.
  • The company has a Return on capital in excess of 30 % (invested capital net of cash, net profit excluding exceptional items)
  • The company is a zero debt company and is does not have a very capital intensive business.
  • The net profit growth in mid to high single digits (7-9%).
  • The publishing/ printing industry is growing at a moderate rate ( 8-13 % on avg – see macmillan performance which has a similar business as Infomedia)
  • A fair valuation would be around 16-20 times free cash flow. Currently the free cash flow seems to be around 7-8 Rs / share. I would at best value the company at 160-180 Rs/share. So at 210 the company seems to fairly valued. Defintely not a long term buy at the current prices


So if I put the price after the buyback at around 180-190, the annualised return seems to be around 30%. Ofcourse the post-buyback price is just a guess on my part.

I still need to find how tendering of the shares is done? Does the company send some documents to the investor and is the investor supposed to fill up some papers to tender his shares? If anyone knows how the process works, please let me know or leave a comment.

Arbitrage opportunities

A



With the market at current levels, I am not finding too many long term opportunities. Maybe my criteria is too stringent. But for my long term holdings I am not too keen to relax them.

In addition there aren’t too many graham type value stocks either. That kind of leaves out only aribtrage opportunities. Although I have not done much on it in the past, I have started looking at this area of investment opportunity actively. Atleast looking at arbitrage opportunites would keep me busy till I find a long term opportunity and hopefully prevent me from doing something foolish (which I may still end up doing)

There two opportunities which have come up. One was point out by amit in the comments. I also found reference to it on the icicidirect website ( see here )

The first company is infomedia india ltd. This is a buyback offer from the company.

  1. The salient features of the scheme are as under:
  2. The company shall buy back equity shares representing 14% of its paid-up equity capital. The buyback shall be across the board.
  3. The consideration for buy back shall be Rs 245 per equity share.
  4. Shareholders holding less than 50 equity shares per ledger folio / Client ID will have the option to tender their entire holdings over and above 14% of their shares at Rs 245 per share.
  5. The shares so bought back shall be cancelled.
  6. The scheme as envisaged will not affect the shareholding pattern of the company materially.
  7. The scheme is subject to such approvals as may be required including that of the stock exchanges, Bombay High Court, shareholders and creditors.

The buyback is at 245 Rs per share. The current price is 210 per share. So technically there is 16 % return. Let me take you through my thought process on the above offer

ICICI ventures is the major shareholder with the shareholding at around 72 %. So the free float for the stock is 28%, which is 50 % of the open offer. So there is good probability of 50% of the tendered stock being accepted (maybe more).

I have found this excel arbitrage evaluator . So based on this evaluator, the following needs to be estimated further

  1. Probability of the buyback not happening – looks low at less than 5 %
  2. Closing price after buyback – This is a key variable to figure. As there is a likelhood of 50% or more of the stock being accepted, there rest will have to be sold after the buyback offer. Now one can choose to hold the stock, but that would require more analysis.
  3. Duration of the scheme – looks like 1.5 to 2 months.

I can see a best case return of 40-50 % (annualised, net of expenses) in the above case. The key issue to figure out the downside and whether it can be mitigated by holding the stock for long term(more on that in future posts)

In addition to above, I am looking at two more of the following

  1. EDS bid for Mphasis ( see here ) : No opportunity here, as the offer is at the almost the current market price. But I would like to see if EDS would up its offer (unlikely that the current price will get a lot of response)
  2. Micro inks : I have just been emailed the AR for the company. I am now looking at this company as both a long term opportunity or a possible arbitrage opportunity in the future (if there is a possibility of a buy back or reverse book building by a german co – don’t have much info on it though)

Disclaimer – I am not recommending any stocks / aribtrage on my blog. Even if I am excited or find something interesting, I may not invest any money into it if it does not add up.

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